What process completely destroys living micro-organisms through high heat treatment?

Heat sterilization is a process that completely destroys all living microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, through the application of high temperatures. This method typically involves using specific temperatures and times to ensure that all pathogens are killed, making food products safe for consumption and extending their shelf life.

Unlike pasteurization, which primarily reduces pathogens to safe levels but does not eliminate all microorganisms, heat sterilization achieves a higher level of microbial destruction. Boiling, while it can kill many bacteria and viruses, may not eliminate all spores, which are highly resistant forms of bacteria. Freezing does not kill microorganisms; it only halts their growth, allowing them to reactivate once thawed. Heat sterilization is essential in many food preservation methods, ensuring that products are free from harmful organisms.